@prefix : . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . a owl:Ontology ; owl:versionInfo "2012_04_18_1"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:seeAlso "An example: http://code.google.com/p/decision-ontology/wiki/DecisionOntologyExample"@en ; rdfs:comment "Author: Piotr Nowara (piotrnowara(at)gmail.com)"@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "Decision Ontology website: http://code.google.com/p/decision-ontology/"@en , "Requirement Ontology website: https://requirement-ontology.googlecode.com/"@en ; rdfs:comment """SUMMARY: 1. Decision-making is initiated by some underlying problem that can be represented in form of a question. 2. Decision-making is a process that can result in some decision and decision is a situation of indicating one of the considered options. Decision Ontology provides means for precise distinguishing and distinct treatment of these two aspects. 3. Option is a considered situation of choosing some specific solution. 4. Options can have associated criteria that is requirements, recommendation (or other normative entities) that should be applied to them."""@en , """This is the decision ontology (v.2). Let me know if you would like to participate in developing, testing or supporting this project. If you need help in using the Decision Ontology or the imported Requirement Ontology please send an email to: piotrnowara(at)gmail.com"""@en ; owl:imports . :has_answer a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has answer"@en ; rdfs:range :Answer ; rdfs:domain :Question ; owl:inverseOf :is_answer_for . :has_consequence a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has consequence"@en ; rdfs:domain :Situation ; rdfs:range :Situation . :has_context a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has context"@en ; rdfs:range :Context ; owl:inverseOf :is_context_of ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :occurs_in . :has_result a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has result"@en . :has_solution a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has solution"@en ; rdfs:domain :Problem ; owl:inverseOf :is_solution_for . :includes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "includes"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :is_occurence_of . :indicates a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "indicates"@en , "wskazuje"@pl ; owl:inverseOf :is_indicated_by . :initiates a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "initiates"@en ; rdfs:range :Process . :involves_choosing a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "involves choosing"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :is_occurence_of . :is_adressed_to a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is adressed to"@en . :is_answer_for a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is answer for"@en ; rdfs:domain :Answer ; rdfs:range :Question . :is_consequence_of a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is consequence of"@en ; rdfs:domain :Situation ; rdfs:range :Situation ; owl:inverseOf :has_consequence . :is_consideration_of a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is consideration of"@en ; rdfs:domain :Process . :is_considered_during a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is considered during"@en ; rdfs:range :Process ; owl:inverseOf :is_consideration_of . :is_context_of a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :is_occurence_of . :is_included_in a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is included in"@en ; owl:inverseOf :includes ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :occurs_in . :is_indicated_by a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is indicated by"@en . :is_initiated_by a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is initiated by"@en ; rdfs:domain :Process ; owl:inverseOf :initiates . :is_occurence_of a owl:ObjectProperty . :is_question_for a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is question for"@en ; rdfs:domain :Question . :is_question_for_confirming a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is question for confirming"@en ; rdfs:domain :Question ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :is_question_for . :is_question_for_indicating a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is question for indicating"@en ; rdfs:domain :Question ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :is_question_for . :is_result_of a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :has_result . :is_solution_for a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is solution for"@en ; rdfs:range :Problem . :occurs_in a owl:ObjectProperty . :supposedly_same_as a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:label "supposedly same as"@en ; rdfs:comment "Renamed from 'is supposed to be identical with'."@en , "Using to indicate supposedly same individuals (like in the context of a question where someone suppose some individual has certain properties or when introducing some unverified statements)."@en . :indicates_boolean_value a owl:DatatypeProperty . :Answer a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Answer"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Situation , _:node18osh74cax1 . _:node18osh74cax1 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :is_answer_for ; owl:someValuesFrom :Question . :Answer rdfs:subClassOf _:node18osh74cax2 . _:node18osh74cax2 a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf _:node18osh74cax4 . _:node18osh74cax4 rdf:first _:node18osh74cax3 . _:node18osh74cax3 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :indicates ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing . _:node18osh74cax4 rdf:rest _:node18osh74cax6 . _:node18osh74cax6 rdf:first _:node18osh74cax5 . _:node18osh74cax5 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :indicates_boolean_value ; owl:someValuesFrom xsd:boolean . _:node18osh74cax6 rdf:rest rdf:nil . :Answer rdfs:comment "Indication of something requested in a question."@en . :Context a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Context"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Situation . :Decision a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Decision"@en ; owl:equivalentClass _:node18osh74cax7 . _:node18osh74cax7 a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf _:node18osh74cax9 . _:node18osh74cax9 rdf:first _:node18osh74cax8 . _:node18osh74cax8 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :indicates ; owl:someValuesFrom :Option . _:node18osh74cax9 rdf:rest _:node18osh74cax11 . _:node18osh74cax11 rdf:first _:node18osh74cax10 . _:node18osh74cax10 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :is_result_of ; owl:someValuesFrom :Decision_making . _:node18osh74cax11 rdf:rest rdf:nil . :Decision rdfs:subClassOf :Situation ; rdfs:comment "Recognizing something as the right/appropriate/best possible solution to a question/problem. It can be a consequence of an objective evaluation of clearly defined criteria but also an intuition, emotion or other subjective factor."@en . :Decision_making a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Decision making"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Process , _:node18osh74cax12 . _:node18osh74cax12 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :is_initiated_by ; owl:someValuesFrom :Question_for_indicating . :Decision_making rdfs:subClassOf _:node18osh74cax13 . _:node18osh74cax13 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :is_consideration_of ; owl:someValuesFrom :Option . :Decision_making rdfs:comment """2011-10-13 A complex process that starts with a question and may result in indication of a solution for the underlying problem. It is important to note that a decision-making is something substantially different than decision, which is an output of the process of deciding. Usually it can be represented by the following pattern: 1. Decision-making starts with a question which is an utterance of some problem 2. The decider gathers and analyzes some information 3. The decider evaluates possible options (under some criteria). 4. One of the options may get recognized as the right/appropriate/best possible solution for the initial question/problem or the decider may choose to restrain from choice. What justifies this act could be an objective evaluation of clearly defined criteria but also an intuition, emotion or other subjective factor. In most cases stages 2-3 consist of many (concurrent or sequential) actions, events, processes related to information gathering, processing, verifying etc. In some cases a decision-making can be viewed as a complex process involving many sub-decisions preceding the recognition of the initial problem solution. In our current work we have focused on the basic elements of the above pattern (the question, gathering information, considering options, choosing solution). It should be considered to what extent this ontology should support the modeling of correlated issues such as: information verification and retrieval etc."""@en . :Option a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Option"@en , "Opcja"@pl ; rdfs:subClassOf :Situation ; rdfs:comment "Option has usually some related criteria which correspond to requirements, recommendations etc."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso :Decision_making , :has_criterion . :Problem a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Problem"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Situation . :Process a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Process"@en . :Question a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Question"@en ; owl:equivalentClass _:node18osh74cax14 . _:node18osh74cax14 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :is_question_for ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing . :Question rdfs:subClassOf :Situation ; rdfs:comment "A situation in which a person indicates a will for acquiring knowledge about something."@en . :Question_for_confirming a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Question for confirming"@en ; owl:equivalentClass _:node18osh74cax15 . _:node18osh74cax15 a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf _:node18osh74cax17 . _:node18osh74cax17 rdf:first _:node18osh74cax16 . _:node18osh74cax16 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :is_question_for_confirming ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing . _:node18osh74cax17 rdf:rest _:node18osh74cax19 . _:node18osh74cax19 rdf:first _:node18osh74cax18 . _:node18osh74cax18 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :has_answer ; owl:allValuesFrom _:node18osh74cax20 . _:node18osh74cax20 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :indicates_boolean_value ; owl:someValuesFrom xsd:boolean . _:node18osh74cax19 rdf:rest rdf:nil . :Question_for_confirming rdfs:subClassOf :Question ; rdfs:comment """A question containing a whole proposition, that is an utterance that could be true or false. It is answerd by confirming or denying that proposition ('yes/no question') Examples: Are you a vegetarian? Is Norway a member of UE?"""@en . :Question_for_indicating a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Question for indicating"@en ; owl:equivalentClass _:node18osh74cax21 . _:node18osh74cax21 a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf _:node18osh74cax23 . _:node18osh74cax23 rdf:first _:node18osh74cax22 . _:node18osh74cax22 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :is_question_for_indicating ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing . _:node18osh74cax23 rdf:rest _:node18osh74cax25 . _:node18osh74cax25 rdf:first _:node18osh74cax24 . _:node18osh74cax24 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :has_answer ; owl:allValuesFrom _:node18osh74cax26 . _:node18osh74cax26 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :indicates ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing . _:node18osh74cax25 rdf:rest rdf:nil . :Question_for_indicating rdfs:subClassOf :Question ; rdfs:comment """A question demanding indication of some concept, thing or its property in order to be anwsered. Examples: What's your date of birth? What is the name of the Director of the W3C?"""@en . :Question_for_indicating_solution a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Question for indicating solution"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Question_for_indicating , _:node18osh74cax27 . _:node18osh74cax27 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :is_consequence_of ; owl:someValuesFrom :Problem . :Situation a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Situation"@en . :Answer rdfs:subClassOf _:node18osh74cax28 . _:node18osh74cax28 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :is_answer_for ; owl:someValuesFrom :Question . :Answer rdfs:subClassOf _:node18osh74cax29 . _:node18osh74cax29 a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf _:node18osh74cax31 . _:node18osh74cax31 rdf:first _:node18osh74cax30 . _:node18osh74cax30 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :indicates ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing . _:node18osh74cax31 rdf:rest _:node18osh74cax33 . _:node18osh74cax33 rdf:first _:node18osh74cax32 . _:node18osh74cax32 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :indicates_boolean_value ; owl:someValuesFrom xsd:boolean . _:node18osh74cax33 rdf:rest rdf:nil . :Decision owl:equivalentClass _:node18osh74cax34 . _:node18osh74cax34 a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf _:node18osh74cax36 . _:node18osh74cax36 rdf:first _:node18osh74cax35 . _:node18osh74cax35 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :indicates ; owl:someValuesFrom :Option . _:node18osh74cax36 rdf:rest _:node18osh74cax38 . _:node18osh74cax38 rdf:first _:node18osh74cax37 . _:node18osh74cax37 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :is_result_of ; owl:someValuesFrom :Decision_making . _:node18osh74cax38 rdf:rest rdf:nil . :Decision_making rdfs:subClassOf _:node18osh74cax39 . _:node18osh74cax39 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :is_initiated_by ; owl:someValuesFrom :Question_for_indicating . :Decision_making rdfs:subClassOf _:node18osh74cax40 . _:node18osh74cax40 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :is_consideration_of ; owl:someValuesFrom :Option . :Question owl:equivalentClass _:node18osh74cax41 . _:node18osh74cax41 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :is_question_for ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing . :Question_for_confirming owl:equivalentClass _:node18osh74cax42 . _:node18osh74cax42 a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf _:node18osh74cax44 . _:node18osh74cax44 rdf:first _:node18osh74cax43 . _:node18osh74cax43 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :is_question_for_confirming ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing . _:node18osh74cax44 rdf:rest _:node18osh74cax46 . _:node18osh74cax46 rdf:first _:node18osh74cax45 . _:node18osh74cax45 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :has_answer ; owl:allValuesFrom _:node18osh74cax47 . _:node18osh74cax47 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :indicates_boolean_value ; owl:someValuesFrom xsd:boolean . _:node18osh74cax46 rdf:rest rdf:nil . :Question_for_indicating owl:equivalentClass _:node18osh74cax48 . _:node18osh74cax48 a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf _:node18osh74cax50 . _:node18osh74cax50 rdf:first _:node18osh74cax49 . _:node18osh74cax49 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :is_question_for_indicating ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing . _:node18osh74cax50 rdf:rest _:node18osh74cax52 . _:node18osh74cax52 rdf:first _:node18osh74cax51 . _:node18osh74cax51 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :has_answer ; owl:allValuesFrom _:node18osh74cax53 . _:node18osh74cax53 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :indicates ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing . _:node18osh74cax52 rdf:rest rdf:nil . :Question_for_indicating_solution rdfs:subClassOf _:node18osh74cax54 . _:node18osh74cax54 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :is_consequence_of ; owl:someValuesFrom :Problem .