@prefix owl:   <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf:   <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix odp:   <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#> .
@prefix rdfs:  <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix vann:  <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/hasCarbonIntensity>
        a             owl:DatatypeProperty ;
        rdfs:comment  "hasCarbonIntensity measures how intensive that the carbon is for an energy source." ;
        rdfs:domain   <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/EnergySource> ;
        rdfs:label    "has carbon intensity" ;
        rdfs:range    <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/EnergyConversion>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "Energy Conversion is a process of transforming energy." ;
        rdfs:label       "Energy Conversion" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/actorODP/ResourceRelation> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/NaturalGas>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "Natural gas is a combustible gas that is naturally generated and stored under certain geological conditions by ancient animals and plants buried deep underground. It is a gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons, with methane as its main component." ;
        rdfs:label       "Natural Gas" ;
        rdfs:seeAlso     "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/FossilFuel> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/Energy>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "Energy is an ability or a property of matter or a system, to do work because of its motion, its mass, its electric charge, etc." ;
        rdfs:label       "Energy" ;
        rdfs:seeAlso     "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_31ec09ba_1713_42cb_83c7_b38bf6f9ced2" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/resourceODP/Resource> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/hasExergy>
        a                   owl:ObjectProperty ;
        rdfs:comment        "hasExergy represents that energy has part of exergy." ;
        rdfs:label          "has exergy" ;
        rdfs:subPropertyOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/actorODP/participatingObject> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/Petroleum>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "Petroleum is a naturally occurring yellow-black liquid chemical mixture found in geological formations, consisting primarily of hydrocarbons." ;
        rdfs:label       "Petroleum" ;
        rdfs:seeAlso     "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/FossilFuel> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/RenewableEnergy>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "Renewable energy represents energy that comes from renewable resources." ;
        rdfs:label       "Renewable Energy" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/Energy> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/hasSustainability>
        a             owl:DatatypeProperty ;
        rdfs:comment  "hasSustainability measures how sustainable an energy source is." ;
        rdfs:domain   <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/EnergySource> ;
        rdfs:label    "has sustainability" ;
        rdfs:range    <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/participatingEnergy>
        a                   owl:ObjectProperty ;
        rdfs:comment        "participatingEnergy represents the energy in an energy composition." ;
        rdfs:label          "participating energy" ;
        rdfs:subPropertyOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/actorODP/participatingSubject> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/NonRenewableEnergy>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "Nonrenewable energy represents energy that comes from such resources that cannot be replaced onew they are used up." ;
        rdfs:label       "NonReneable Energy" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/Energy> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/hasEnergySource>
        a             owl:ObjectProperty ;
        rdfs:comment  "hasEnergySource represents that energy can have some energy sources." ;
        rdfs:domain   <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/Energy> ;
        rdfs:label    "has energy source" ;
        rdfs:range    <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/EnergySource> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/EnergyComposition>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "The relation representing the particpation of an energy as a resource." ;
        rdfs:label       "Energy Composition" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/actorODP/ResourceParticipation> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/hasOriginalEnergy>
        a                   owl:ObjectProperty ;
        rdfs:comment        "hasOriginalEnergy represents that an energy transformation process has its initial energy." ;
        rdfs:label          "has original energy" ;
        rdfs:range          [ a            owl:Class ;
                              owl:unionOf  ( <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/NonRenewableEnergy> <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/RenewableEnergy> )
                            ] ;
        rdfs:subPropertyOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/actorODP/participatingResource> .

<http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#gmlLiteral>
        a       rdfs:Datatype .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/EnergyInfrastructure>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "The infrastructures participating in various energy-related processes, including energy production, transmission or distribution." ;
        rdfs:label       "Energy Infrastructure" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/actorODP/Infrastructure> .

<http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#geoJSONLiteral>
        a       rdfs:Datatype .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/>
        a                              owl:Ontology ;
        rdfs:seeAlso                   <https://github.com/LiUSemWeb/CEON> ;
        dcterms:contributor            "Eva Blomqvist" ;
        dcterms:created                "2025-03-20" ;
        dcterms:creator                "Huanyu Li" ;
        dcterms:description            "A module of the CEON ontology network defining aspects of the energy concept." ;
        dcterms:issued                 "2025-06-30"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date> ;
        dcterms:license                "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" ;
        dcterms:publisher              "Onto-DESIDE" ;
        dcterms:title                  "Circular Economy Ontology Network (CEON) - Energy Module" ;
        vann:preferredNamespacePrefix  "ceon-energy" ;
        vann:preferredNamespaceUri     "http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/" ;
        odp:coversRequirements         "Covers the following requirements from Onto-DESIDE D3.2: CE1-2, CE4-3, CE6-3, CE7-4, CE7-4, CE8-2, CE9-2, CE10-7, CE10-9, CE11-6, CE12-5." ;
        owl:imports                    <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/actorODP/0.4/> , <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/resourceODP/0.5/> ;
        owl:priorVersion               0.1 ;
        owl:versionIRI                 <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/0.2/> ;
        owl:versionInfo                0.2 .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/Biomass>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "Biomass represents matter from recently living (but now dead) organisms such as plants, algae and animals." ;
        rdfs:label       "Biomass" ;
        rdfs:seeAlso     "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/EnergySource> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/hasEnergyComponentPercentage>
        a             owl:DatatypeProperty ;
        rdfs:comment  "hasEnergyComponentPercentage represents the percentage of a particular energy as a composition." ;
        rdfs:domain   <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/EnergyComposition> ;
        rdfs:label    "has energy component percentage" ;
        rdfs:range    <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/EnergySource>
        a             owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment  "An energy source is a resource or system that provides the energy." ;
        rdfs:label    "Energy Source" .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/hasAnergy>
        a                   owl:ObjectProperty ;
        rdfs:comment        "hasAnergy represents that energy has part of anergy." ;
        rdfs:label          "has anergy" ;
        rdfs:subPropertyOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/actorODP/participatingObject> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/FossilFuel>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "A fossil fuel is a carbon compound- or hydrocarbon-containing material[2] formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the buried remains of prehistoric organisms (animals, plants or planktons), a process that occurs within geological formations." ;
        rdfs:label       "Fossil Fuel" ;
        rdfs:seeAlso     "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/EnergySource> .

<http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#wktLiteral>
        a       rdfs:Datatype .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/Biogas>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "Biogas represents an energy source that is produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste, wastewater, and food waste." ;
        rdfs:label       "Biogass" ;
        rdfs:seeAlso     "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogas" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/Biomass> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/hasConvertedEnergy>
        a                   owl:ObjectProperty ;
        rdfs:comment        "hasConvertedEnergy represents that an energy transformation process has its final energy." ;
        rdfs:label          "has converted energy" ;
        rdfs:range          [ a            owl:Class ;
                              owl:unionOf  ( <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/NonRenewableEnergy> <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/RenewableEnergy> )
                            ] ;
        rdfs:subPropertyOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/actorODP/participatingResource> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/Biofuel>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "Biofuel is a fuel that is produced over a short time span from biomass." ;
        rdfs:label       "Biofuel" ;
        rdfs:seeAlso     "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuel" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/Biomass> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/Hydropower>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "Hydropower is the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or to power machines." ;
        rdfs:label       "Hydropower" ;
        rdfs:seeAlso     "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropower" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/EnergySource> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/SolarEnergySource>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "Solar Energy Source is the Sun." ;
        rdfs:label       "Solar Energy Source" ;
        rdfs:seeAlso     "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/EnergySource> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/WindEnergySource>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "Wind Energy Source is the Wind." ;
        rdfs:label       "Wind Energy Source" ;
        rdfs:seeAlso     "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/EnergySource> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/Coal>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "Coal is a black or dark-brown combustible mineral substance consisting of carbonized vegetable matter." ;
        rdfs:label       "Coal" ;
        rdfs:seeAlso     "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/FossilFuel> .

<http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/GeothermalEnergySource>
        a                owl:Class ;
        rdfs:comment     "Geothermal Energy Source is the Earth's crust. Geothermal energy is thermal energy extracted from the Earth's crust. It combines energy from the formation of the planet and from radioactive decay." ;
        rdfs:label       "Geothermal Energy Source" ;
        rdfs:seeAlso     "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energy" ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  <http://w3id.org/CEON/ontology/energy/EnergySource> .